Industrial and commercial energy storage is a typical application of distributed energy storage systems on the user side，It is characterized by a relatively close distance from the distributed photovoltaic power supply end and the load center，It can not only effectively improve the absorption rate of clean energy, but also effectively reduce the loss of power transmission, and help the realization of the "double carbon" goal.
Industrial and commercial energy storage systems and energy storage power station systems include battery systems +BMS, PCS, EMS, transformers, racks, connection cables, bus cabinets, lightning protection and grounding systems, monitoring and alarm systems, etc., the system is modular design, system voltage, capacity flexible configuration.
Industrial and commercial energy storage multi-integrated construction, the use of integrated cabinet. Industrial and commercial energy storage has lower requirements for system control than energy storage power stations, and some PCS products also have the function of BMS. In terms of EMS, industrial and commercial energy storage only needs to set the charge and discharge time to complete energy management, and the functional requirements are lower than the energy storage power station. However, with the increase of large industrial users, the industrial and commercial energy storage equipment capacity can reach more than MW, and the system configuration is basically consistent with the energy storage power station.
The system configuration of the industrial and commercial energy storage system is basically the same as that of the energy storage power station, but the relative capacity is small, and the system function is relatively simple. PCS inverters are usually common in bidirectional converters, and 50-100kW optical storage machines are also used in small and medium-sized industrial and commercial energy storage systems. EMS of industrial and commercial energy storage systems is also different from large energy storage power stations.Industrial and commercial energy storage systems usually do not consider the needs of power grid scheduling, mainly to provide local power, only need to have energy management and automatic switching within the local area network.
The profit model of industrial and commercial energy storage is peak valley arbitrage, that is, the use of low electricity prices in the trough of electricity charging, discharge at the peak of electricity supply to industrial and commercial users, users can save electricity costs, while avoiding the risk of power rationing.
With the improvement of TOU electricity price, the difference between peak and valley electricity price has widened, and the economy of industrial and commercial energy storage has significantly improved. At present, there are two main business models for the operation of industrial and commercial energy storage in China. First, industrial and commercial users install energy storage equipment by themselves, which can directly reduce the cost of electricity, but the user needs to bear the initial investment cost and the annual equipment maintenance cost. The other is that energy service enterprises assist users to install energy storage, energy service enterprises invest in the construction of energy storage assets and are responsible for operation and maintenance, and industrial and commercial users pay electricity costs to energy service enterprises. At the same time, user-side energy storage has achieved multi-scenario expansion, and many application scenarios have appeared, such as charging and changing power stations, data centers, 5G base stations, port power, and power heavy trucks.
The industrial and commercial energy storage market includes photovoltaic industrial and commercial use scenarios and non-photovoltaic industrial and commercial use scenarios. For commercial and large industrial users, it is also possible to achieve self-use of electricity through the photovoltaic + energy storage matching model. Since the peak of electricity consumption is more consistent with the peak time of photovoltaic power generation, the proportion of industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic self-use is high, and the capacity of the energy storage system and photovoltaic power are mostly 1:1 configuration. For commercial buildings, hospitals, schools and other scenarios that are not suitable for the installation of large-scale photovoltaic self-electricity, energy storage systems are installed to achieve the purpose of peaking and valley filling and reducing capacity electricity prices. According to BNEF statistics, the average cost of 4-hour energy storage system in 2020 has dropped to $332 /kWh, while the average cost of 1-hour energy storage system is $364 /kWh, and the cost reduction of energy storage batteries, system design optimization, and the improvement of system charging and discharging time standardization will continue to push the price of energy storage system down. Promote the penetration rate of industrial and commercial light storage facilities.
1.New energy consumption
Photovoltaic has a strong intermittency and volatility, spontaneous self-use, surplus power grid photovoltaic power generation exceeds the load can be consumed, excess electricity is sent to the grid at a lower price. When the photovoltaic supply load power is not enough, industrial and commercial users have to buy electricity from the grid, and the grid and photovoltaic system supply power to the load at the same time. The cost of electricity for industrial and commercial users has not been maximized in the case of photovoltaic configuration. After the configuration of the energy storage system, the photovoltaic power is preferentially stored in the energy storage, and the residual power supplies the load. When the photovoltaic power is insufficient, the energy storage supplies power to the load. The energy storage system smoothen the generation and consumption of electricity, improve the absorption rate of photovoltaic power generation, and maximize the benefit of electricity consumption.
2.Peak-valley arbitrage
The most direct way to add value to an energy storage system is to arbitrage peak-valley electricity prices. Users can charge the energy storage battery at a cheaper valley price when the load is low, and supply power to the load when the load is high, so as to realize the transfer of the peak load and obtain benefits from the peak valley price.
On November 29, Shandong Provincial Development and Reform Commission issued the Notice of Shandong Provincial Development and Reform Commission on Matters related to Industrial and commercial TOU Tariff Policy.
Electricity price floating ratio: 70% floating in peak hours, 70% floating in trough hours, 100% floating in peak hours, 90% floating in deep valley hours. The further widening of the peak-valley price difference has improved the arbitrage space of energy storage. Charging during the deep valley and discharging during the peak period can not only play the role of cutting the peak and leveling the valley, but also help the owners equipped with energy storage to make more abundant profits, effectively achieving a win-win situation.
3.Demand management
In China, for large industrial electricity with transformer capacity of 315 kVA and above, the two-part electricity price is the electricity price calculated according to the user's practical electricity, and the basic electricity price is the electricity price calculated according to the user's transformer (according to capacity charge) or the maximum demand charge (according to demand charge). After the energy storage system is installed in the industrial and commercial park where the basic electricity price is charged according to demand, the real-time power of the user's transformer can be monitored. When the real-time power exceeds the demand, the energy storage automatic discharge monitors the real-time power, reduces the transformer output, and ensures that the transformer power will not exceed the limit. Reduce the electricity demand of users and reduce the cost of electricity in industrial and commercial parks.
4.Distribution capacity increase
When the original distribution capacity of industrial and commercial users is insufficient, the energy storage system can continue to charge quickly when the short-term power consumption is greater than the transformer capacity, so as to meet the load power demand requirements. Reduce transformer use cost, reduce transformer investment and expansion cycle.
5.Demand side response
Power demand response refers to that when the price of the wholesale power market rises or the reliability of the system is threatened, after receiving the direct compensation notice of induced load reduction or the signal of power price rise issued by the power supplier, the power user changes its inherent customary mode of electricity consumption, so as to reduce or shift the power load of a certain period and respond to the power supply, so as to ensure the stability of the power grid. And restrain the short-term behavior of electricity price rise. To put it simply,That is, when the power supply is tight, the enterprise actively reduces the power consumption, responds to the power supply balance by clipping the peak and so on, and thus obtains economic compensation.
In Guangdong Province issued the "Guangdong Province market-oriented Demand Response Implementation Rules (Trial)" notice, Guangdong to the user-side energy storage incentive price can be up to 3.5 yuan /kWh, power users can achieve production, subsidies are not wrong! According to the historical data of Guangdong Province in previous years, it is deduced that the demand response is about 60 times a year, and the investment payback period can be shortened by one year.
6.Spot trading of electricity
Power spot trading refers to the trading mechanism in which power generation enterprises and other market entities provide power services in the form of market-based trading. With the acceleration of the reform of China's power market, the state issued a New Deal to encourage energy storage to participate in the power spot market, and the new business model of the energy storage industry was activated.
7.Electrical auxiliary service
Paid power auxiliary service refers to the auxiliary service provided by the grid-connected generation side in addition to the basic auxiliary service that can respond to the power dispatching instructions by adjustable loads (including aggregation through aggregators, virtual power plants, etc.). Including: primary frequency modulation, automatic power generation control, peak regulation, standby, paid reactive power regulation, black start and other paid auxiliary services should be compensated. Industrial and commercial energy storage can serve as a new revenue channel by providing ancillary services in the electricity market.
China's photovoltaic power generation is developing rapidly, the domestic photovoltaic new installed capacity from January to October 2022 reached 58.24GW, distributed installed capacity 15.68GW, but industrial and commercial energy storage is still in its infancy. Zhongguancun energy storage Industry Technology Alliance report shows that as of the end of September this year, the cumulative installed capacity of domestic power storage projects has reached 50.3 GW, an increase of 36%. In addition, the National Energy Administration issued the Basic Rules for the Power Spot Market (Draft for Comment), which pointed out that emerging market players such as energy storage, distributed generation, load aggregators, virtual power plants and new energy microgrids should be promoted to participate in transactions. At present, China is building a new energy system, and the proportion of new energy such as wind power and solar energy is constantly increasing. In October, Liu Yafang, deputy director of the science and Technology Department of the National Energy Administration, introduced in an interview that China's new energy storage technology has entered the stage of commercial application from demonstration applications, and gradually formed an industrialization system, and the application scenario is more and more diversified, and the project layout covers all aspects of power system generation, transmission, distribution and electricity consumption. It is expected that by the end of 2025, the installed scale of new energy storage in the power system will reach more than 30 million kilowatts, with an average annual growth of more than 50%, effectively supporting the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. According to BNEF forecasts, the world's new industrial and commercial photovoltaic supporting energy storage capacity in 2025 will be 29.7GWh. In the stock photovoltaic industry and commerce, assuming that the energy storage penetration rate gradually increases, the global stock of industrial and commercial photovoltaic supporting energy storage installed capacity can reach 12.29GWh in 2025.
At present, under the policy of widening the peak-valley price difference and setting up peak electricity prices, the economy of industrial and commercial users to install energy storage has been significantly enhanced.In the future, with the accelerated construction of the national unified power market and the mature application of virtual power plant technology, power spot trading and power auxiliary services will also become economic sources of industrial and commercial energy storage. In addition, the cost reduction of energy storage systems will further enhance the economics of industrial and commercial energy storage. These trends will promote the rapid formation of industrial and commercial energy storage business models in different application scenarios, giving industrial and commercial energy storage strong development potential.
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